The Conversational Catalog

A set of curated design strategies to inspire and empower you.

Intent Switching

Give users the flexibility from within a task to access a separate task.

Do What I Say
Intent Switching

How might we let users take a step sideways to move forward?

Getting it done isn't always a linear process. Intent switching gives users the freedom to change the current task and control the flow.

How can the system adapt to each user’s changing needs?

Entity Switching

Allow users to make an out-of-context change within a given intent.

Do What I Say
Entity Switching

How might we make it easier for users to make a change?

Everybody makes mistakes. Let users make changes (when they see fit) to previously collected entities.

What can the system do to help users correct themselves and recover?

Multi-Intent

Recognize more than one intent in a single utterance and act on it.

Do What I Say
Multi-Intent

How might we encourage users to "run multiple errands" with the system?

Show users we listened by  transitioning from the first intent to the second and knowing which task might come first. If we already know the answer to "Is there anything else we can help you with?", don't ask it yet.

How can the system help manage all requests in a way that's logical and minimizes steps?

Multi-Entity

Allow users to provide multiple pieces of relevant information in a single turn, in a non-prescribed order.

Do What I Say
Multi-Entity

How might we let users dynamically determine the flow?

Users are starting to converse in less constrained ways. With multi-entity, we can understand and act on multiple pieces of information.

How can we encourage users to speak freely?

Intent Ellipsis

Infer an intent in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Intent Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an intent more naturally?

We’re experts at making inferences during conversation. You can design your app to handle these semantic mappings, too.

How can we handle shortcuts in discourse?

Entity Ellipsis

Infer an entity in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Entity Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an entity more naturally?

A fancier version of an intent switch where the entity is omitted.

How can the system fill in the blanks of user input?

One-Step Correction

Allow users to both reject and correct the last recognition with a single utterance.

Understand What I Mean
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?

Anaphora

Use a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in an interaction.

Understand What I Mean
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Context of Prompt

A type of anaphora that allows users to refer back to the prompt as part of their response.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Prompt

How might we create a shared frame of reference between the system and the user?

It's natural for talkers to refer to bits and pieces of the conversation figuratively. Save users from tedious utterances by accepting phrases like "the first one" instead of the literal option.

How can we handle natural references in discourse?

Context of Data

A type of anaphora that supports users indirectly referencing something from their profile.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Data

How might we make semantic inferences based on a user’s profile?

People don’t think in account numbers, they think in concepts. Using what we know about our user’s profile, we can map conceptual utterances to actual data.

How can we use data in the background to make us smarter?

Data Provenance

Prompting that contextualizes user data.

Make It Easy For Me
Data Provenance

How might we tell our users how data is being used in the background?

When we’re leveraging data to personalize a user’s experience, it’s important to expose where the data originated and why it was used.

How can we personalize a user's experience while being transparent about user data?

Proactive Math

Proactively handle calculations which would be meaningful to the user, reducing cognitive load.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Math

How might we help users make decisions based on quantitative information?

Users might not be in the mood to do mental math when they're interacting with the system. An easy way to reduce the user's cognitive load is to have the system proactively do calculations.

What are ways to proactively present relevant data so that user's next natural question is answered in advance?

Predictive Modeling

Based on an extensive set of user data, train a prediction model to offer the most likely intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Modeling

How might we improve user experience through data?

When we design we’re always thinking about which next action adds the most value to the user experience. Using data, ideally from multiple channels, we can act on a high confidence prediction with a yes/no question, or on a lower confidence prediction with an example at the NLU.

What are ways we can leverage aggregate user data?

Predictive Notification

Proactively state information user is likely to need or ask for.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Notification

How might we respect our users' time by leading with the most important message?

The beginning of the interaction sets the tone for the entire experience. Gaining a head start here will return the greatest benefits to the user.

What relevant pieces of information do users what to hear right away?

Awareness of Time

Prompting that contexualizes temporal information.

Make It Easy For Me
Awareness of Time

How might we write prompts that sound more human?

Top of the hour, bottom of the hour, end of the day. We talk about time creatively, and constantly reference it in everyday speech. The system can mimic that as well.

How can we use awareness of time to make the system smarter?

Historical Data

Fill a slot with historical data, instead of making the user repeat it.

Make It Easy For Me
Historical Data

How might we use past user behavior to shortcut the interaction?

Don't let users get déjà vu from a previous interaction. Pull historical data and let users skip a few turns by filling slots behind the scenes. If the user opts for something different, update our understanding going forward.

What do we know about the user through past interactions that can help now?

Predictive Rules

Anticipate and offer user intent based on If-Then business rules.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?

Voice Biometrics

Identify users by the unique qualities of their voice.

Know Who I Am
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Intent Switching

Give users the flexibility from within a task to access a separate task.

Do What I Say
Intent Switching

How might we let users take a step sideways to move forward?

Getting it done isn't always a linear process. Intent switching gives users the freedom to change the current task and control the flow.

How can the system adapt to each user’s changing needs?

Entity Switching

Allow users to make an out-of-context change within a given intent.

Do What I Say
Entity Switching

How might we make it easier for users to make a change?

Everybody makes mistakes. Let users make changes (when they see fit) to previously collected entities.

What can the system do to help users correct themselves and recover?

Multi-Intent

Recognize more than one intent in a single utterance and act on it.

Do What I Say
Multi-Intent

How might we encourage users to "run multiple errands" with the system?

Show users we listened by  transitioning from the first intent to the second and knowing which task might come first. If we already know the answer to "Is there anything else we can help you with?", don't ask it yet.

How can the system help manage all requests in a way that's logical and minimizes steps?

Multi-Entity

Allow users to provide multiple pieces of relevant information in a single turn, in a non-prescribed order.

Do What I Say
Multi-Entity

How might we let users dynamically determine the flow?

Users are starting to converse in less constrained ways. With multi-entity, we can understand and act on multiple pieces of information.

How can we encourage users to speak freely?

Intent Ellipsis

Infer an intent in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Intent Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an intent more naturally?

We’re experts at making inferences during conversation. You can design your app to handle these semantic mappings, too.

How can we handle shortcuts in discourse?

Entity Ellipsis

Infer an entity in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Entity Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an entity more naturally?

A fancier version of an intent switch where the entity is omitted.

How can the system fill in the blanks of user input?

One-Step Correction

Allow users to both reject and correct the last recognition with a single utterance.

Understand What I Mean
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?

Anaphora

Use a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in an interaction.

Understand What I Mean
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Context of Prompt

A type of anaphora that allows users to refer back to the prompt as part of their response.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Prompt

How might we create a shared frame of reference between the system and the user?

It's natural for talkers to refer to bits and pieces of the conversation figuratively. Save users from tedious utterances by accepting phrases like "the first one" instead of the literal option.

How can we handle natural references in discourse?

Context of Data

A type of anaphora that supports users indirectly referencing something from their profile.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Data

How might we make semantic inferences based on a user’s profile?

People don’t think in account numbers, they think in concepts. Using what we know about our user’s profile, we can map conceptual utterances to actual data.

How can we use data in the background to make us smarter?

Data Provenance

Prompting that contextualizes user data.

Make It Easy For Me
Data Provenance

How might we tell our users how data is being used in the background?

When we’re leveraging data to personalize a user’s experience, it’s important to expose where the data originated and why it was used.

How can we personalize a user's experience while being transparent about user data?

Proactive Math

Proactively handle calculations which would be meaningful to the user, reducing cognitive load.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Math

How might we help users make decisions based on quantitative information?

Users might not be in the mood to do mental math when they're interacting with the system. An easy way to reduce the user's cognitive load is to have the system proactively do calculations.

What are ways to proactively present relevant data so that user's next natural question is answered in advance?

Predictive Modeling

Based on an extensive set of user data, train a prediction model to offer the most likely intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Modeling

How might we improve user experience through data?

When we design we’re always thinking about which next action adds the most value to the user experience. Using data, ideally from multiple channels, we can act on a high confidence prediction with a yes/no question, or on a lower confidence prediction with an example at the NLU.

What are ways we can leverage aggregate user data?

Predictive Notification

Proactively state information user is likely to need or ask for.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Notification

How might we respect our users' time by leading with the most important message?

The beginning of the interaction sets the tone for the entire experience. Tell the user what they want to know before they ask for it.

What relevant pieces of information do users what to hear right away?

Awareness of Time

Prompting that contexualizes temporal information.

Make It Easy For Me
Awareness of Time

How might we write prompts that sound more human?

Top of the hour, bottom of the hour, end of the day. We talk about time creatively, and constantly reference it in everyday speech. The system can mimic that as well.

How can we use awareness of time to make the system smarter?

Historical Data

Fill a slot with historical data, instead of making the user repeat it.

Make It Easy For Me
Historical Data

How might we use past user behavior to shortcut the interaction?

Don't let users get déjà vu from a previous interaction. Pull historical data and let users skip a few turns by filling slots behind the scenes. If the user opts for something different, update our understanding going forward.

What do we know about the user through past interactions that can help now?

Predictive Rules

Anticipate and offer user intent based on If-Then business rules.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question, a simple menu with underlying NLU, or a predictive example at the NLU.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?

Voice Biometrics

Identify users by the unique qualities of their voice.

Know Who I Am
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What personal flair can we add to the experience to make the user feel valued?

Next Turn Anticipation

Allow users to leapfrog and take the next logical step.

Understand What I Mean
Next Turn Anticipation

How might we enable users to accelerate the interaction?

Like a good chess player, the system should always be thinking many moves ahead. With next turn anticipation, we can be prepared to keep up with the user if they push forward.

Where in the flow might users try to skip ahead?

Intent Management -
User Driven

A set of rules dictating when, and how, to handle an intent switch driven by the user.

Do What I Say
Intent Management - User Driven

How might we honor the user's request but still stay on track?

When a user requests a new intent, sometimes we  switch without looking back. Or we can switch and then return. But if we're in the middle of something, we might want to save the new intent for later.

How do we maintain conversational flow when the user requests a new intent?

Intent Management -System Driven

A set of business rules defining dependent intents that may need to be addressed in addition to the requested intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Intent Management -System Driven

How might we handle additional intents required by the business that are related to the user's request?

We may need to drive some other intent(s) to accomplish the requested one. It all comes down to business rules.

How do we need to adapt the flow based on business rules?

Hold On

Allow users to navigate through the interaction at their own pace.

Make It Easy For Me
Hold On

How might we make the system more patient?

Sometimes, you don't have all the information in front of you. Other times, you need a break from interacting with the system. By listening for 'hold on' everywhere, we can accommodate all sorts of interruptions for our users.

What are ways we can give the user more flexibility throughout the interaction?

Proactive Notification

A system-initiated outreach that could either deflect an inbound contact, or drive one that the system has been designed to handle.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Notification

How might we use outbound contacts to deflect inbound, or be prepared to receive any related inbound?

Instead of waiting for a user to make contact, we might have information we want to communicate proactively to ease the user's experience.

How can we get a jump on an optimal user journey by having the system take the first step?

Intent Switching

Give users the flexibility from within a task to access a separate task.

Do What I Say
Intent Switching

How might we let users take a step sideways to move forward?

Getting it done isn't always a linear process. Intent switching gives users the freedom to change the current task and control the flow.

How can the system adapt to each user’s changing needs?

Entity Switching

Allow users to make an out-of-context change within a given intent.

Do What I Say
Entity Switching

How might we make it easier for users to make a change?

Everybody makes mistakes. Let users make changes (when they see fit) to previously collected entities.

What can the system do to help users correct themselves and recover?

Multi-Intent

Recognize more than one intent in a single utterance and act on it.

Do What I Say
Multi-Intent

How might we encourage users to "run multiple errands" with the system?

Show users we listened by  transitioning from the first intent to the second and knowing which task might come first. If we already know the answer to "Is there anything else we can help you with?", don't ask it yet.

How can the system help manage all requests in a way that's logical and minimizes steps?

Multi-Entity

Allow users to provide multiple pieces of relevant information in a single turn, in a non-prescribed order.

Do What I Say
Multi-Entity

How might we let users dynamically determine the flow?

Users are starting to converse in less constrained ways. With multi-entity, we can understand and act on multiple pieces of information.

How can we encourage users to speak freely?

Intent Ellipsis

Infer an intent in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Intent Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an intent more naturally?

We’re experts at making inferences during conversation. You can design your app to handle these semantic mappings, too.

How can we handle shortcuts in discourse?

Entity Ellipsis

Infer an entity in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Entity Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an entity more naturally?

A fancier version of an intent switch where the entity is omitted.

How can the system fill in the blanks of user input?

One-Step Correction

Allow users to both reject and correct the last recognition with a single utterance.

Understand What I Mean
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?

Anaphora

Use a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in an interaction.

Understand What I Mean
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Context of Prompt

A type of anaphora that allows users to refer back to the prompt as part of their response.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Prompt

How might we create a shared frame of reference between the system and the user?

It's natural for talkers to refer to bits and pieces of the conversation figuratively. Save users from tedious utterances by accepting phrases like "the first one" instead of the literal option.

How can we handle natural references in discourse?

Context of Data

A type of anaphora that supports users indirectly referencing something from their profile.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Data

How might we make semantic inferences based on a user’s profile?

People don’t think in account numbers, they think in concepts. Using what we know about our user’s profile, we can map conceptual utterances to actual data.

How can we use data in the background to make us smarter?

Data Provenance

Prompting that contextualizes user data.

Make It Easy For Me
Data Provenance

How might we tell our users how data is being used in the background?

When we’re leveraging data to personalize a user’s experience, it’s important to expose where the data originated and why it was used.

How can we personalize a user's experience while being transparent about user data?

Proactive Math

Proactively handle calculations which would be meaningful to the user, reducing cognitive load.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Math

How might we help users make decisions based on quantitative information?

Users might not be in the mood to do mental math when they're interacting with the system. An easy way to reduce the user's cognitive load is to have the system proactively do calculations.

What are ways to proactively present relevant data so that user's next natural question is answered in advance?

Predictive Modeling

Based on an extensive set of user data, train a prediction model to offer the most likely intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Modeling

How might we improve user experience through data?

When we design we’re always thinking about which next action adds the most value to the user experience. Using data, ideally from multiple channels, we can act on a high confidence prediction with a yes/no question, or on a lower confidence prediction with an example at the NLU.

What are ways we can leverage aggregate user data?

Predictive Notification

Proactively state information user is likely to need or ask for.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Notification

How might we respect our users' time by leading with the most important message?

The beginning of the interaction sets the tone for the entire experience. Gaining a head start here will return the greatest benefits to the user.

What relevant pieces of information do users what to hear right away?

Awareness of Time

Prompting that contexualizes temporal information.

Make It Easy For Me
Awareness of Time

How might we write prompts that sound more human?

Top of the hour, bottom of the hour, end of the day. We talk about time creatively, and constantly reference it in everyday speech. The system can mimic that as well.

How can we use awareness of time to make the system smarter?

Historical Data

Fill a slot with historical data, instead of making the user repeat it.

Make It Easy For Me
Historical Data

How might we use past user behavior to shortcut the interaction?

Don't let users get déjà vu from a previous interaction. Pull historical data and let users skip a few turns by filling slots behind the scenes. If the user opts for something different, update our understanding going forward.

What do we know about the user through past interactions that can help now?

Predictive Rules

Anticipate and offer user intent based on If-Then business rules.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?

Voice Biometrics

Identify users by the unique qualities of their voice.

Know Who I Am
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Intent Switching

Give users the flexibility from within a task to access a separate task.

Do What I Say
Intent Switching

How might we let users take a step sideways to move forward?

Getting it done isn't always a linear process. Intent switching gives users the freedom to change the current task and control the flow.

How can the system adapt to each user’s changing needs?

Entity Switching

Allow users to make an out-of-context change within a given intent.

Do What I Say
Entity Switching

How might we make it easier for users to make a change?

Everybody makes mistakes. Let users make changes (when they see fit) to previously collected entities.

What can the system do to help users correct themselves and recover?

Multi-Intent

Recognize more than one intent in a single utterance and act on it.

Do What I Say
Multi-Intent

How might we encourage users to "run multiple errands" with the system?

Show users we listened by  transitioning from the first intent to the second and knowing which task might come first. If we already know the answer to "Is there anything else we can help you with?", don't ask it yet.

How can the system help manage all requests in a way that's logical and minimizes steps?

Multi-Entity

Allow users to provide multiple pieces of relevant information in a single turn, in a non-prescribed order.

Do What I Say
Multi-Entity

How might we let users dynamically determine the flow?

Users are starting to converse in less constrained ways. With multi-entity, we can understand and act on multiple pieces of information.

How can we encourage users to speak freely?

Intent Ellipsis

Infer an intent in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Intent Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an intent more naturally?

We’re experts at making inferences during conversation. You can design your app to handle these semantic mappings, too.

How can we handle shortcuts in discourse?

Entity Ellipsis

Infer an entity in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Entity Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an entity more naturally?

A fancier version of an intent switch where the entity is omitted.

How can the system fill in the blanks of user input?
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Intent Switching

Give users the flexibility from within a task to access a separate task.

Do What I Say
Intent Switching

How might we let users take a step sideways to move forward?

Getting it done isn't always a linear process. Intent switching gives users the freedom to change the current task and control the flow.

How can the system adapt to each user’s changing needs?

Entity Switching

Allow users to make an out-of-context change within a given intent.

Do What I Say
Entity Switching

How might we make it easier for users to make a change?

Everybody makes mistakes. Let users make changes (when they see fit) to previously collected entities.

What can the system do to help users correct themselves and recover?

Multi-Intent

Recognize more than one intent in a single utterance and act on it.

Do What I Say
Multi-Intent

How might we encourage users to "run multiple errands" with the system?

Show users we listened by  transitioning from the first intent to the second and knowing which task might come first. If we already know the answer to "Is there anything else we can help you with?", don't ask it yet.

How can the system help manage all requests in a way that's logical and minimizes steps?

Multi-Entity

Allow users to provide multiple pieces of relevant information in a single turn, in a non-prescribed order.

Do What I Say
Multi-Entity

How might we let users dynamically determine the flow?

Users are starting to converse in less constrained ways. With multi-entity, we can understand and act on multiple pieces of information.

How can we encourage users to speak freely?

Intent Ellipsis

Infer an intent in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Intent Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an intent more naturally?

We’re experts at making inferences during conversation. You can design your app to handle these semantic mappings, too.

How can we handle shortcuts in discourse?

Entity Ellipsis

Infer an entity in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Entity Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an entity more naturally?

A fancier version of an intent switch where the entity is omitted.

How can the system fill in the blanks of user input?

Intent Switching

Give users the flexibility from within a task to access a separate task.

Do What I Say
Intent Switching

How might we let users take a step sideways to move forward?

Getting it done isn't always a linear process. Intent switching gives users the freedom to change the current task and control the flow.

How can the system adapt to each user’s changing needs?

Entity Switching

Allow users to make an out-of-context change within a given intent.

Do What I Say
Entity Switching

How might we make it easier for users to make a change?

Everybody makes mistakes. Let users make changes (when they see fit) to previously collected entities.

What can the system do to help users correct themselves and recover?

Multi-Intent

Recognize more than one intent in a single utterance and act on it.

Do What I Say
Multi-Intent

How might we encourage users to "run multiple errands" with the system?

Show users we listened by  transitioning from the first intent to the second and knowing which task might come first. If we already know the answer to "Is there anything else we can help you with?", don't ask it yet.

How can the system help manage all requests in a way that's logical and minimizes steps?

Multi-Entity

Allow users to provide multiple pieces of relevant information in a single turn, in a non-prescribed order.

Do What I Say
Multi-Entity

How might we let users dynamically determine the flow?

Users are starting to converse in less constrained ways. With multi-entity, we can understand and act on multiple pieces of information.

How can we encourage users to speak freely?

Intent Ellipsis

Infer an intent in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Intent Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an intent more naturally?

We’re experts at making inferences during conversation. You can design your app to handle these semantic mappings, too.

How can we handle shortcuts in discourse?

Entity Ellipsis

Infer an entity in a new context, even though it’s omitted.

Do What I Say
Entity Ellipsis

How might we let users talk about an entity more naturally?

A fancier version of an intent switch where the entity is omitted.

How can the system fill in the blanks of user input?
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?

One-Step Correction

Allow users to both reject and correct the last recognition with a single utterance.

Understand What I Mean

Anaphora

Use a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in an interaction.

Understand What I Mean
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Context of Prompt

A type of anaphora that allows users to refer back to the prompt as part of their response.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Prompt

How might we create a shared frame of reference between the system and the user?

It's natural for talkers to refer to bits and pieces of the conversation figuratively. Save users from tedious utterances by accepting phrases like "the first one" instead of the literal option.

How can we handle natural references in discourse?

Context of Data

A type of anaphora that supports users indirectly referencing something from their profile.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Data

How might we make semantic inferences based on a user’s profile?

People don’t think in account numbers, they think in concepts. Using what we know about our user’s profile, we can map conceptual utterances to actual data.

How can we use data in the background to make us smarter?

One-Step Correction

Allow users to both reject and correct the last recognition with a single utterance.

Understand What I Mean
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?

Anaphora

Use a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in an interaction.

Understand What I Mean
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Context of Prompt

A type of anaphora that allows users to refer back to the prompt as part of their response.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Prompt

How might we create a shared frame of reference between the system and the user?

It's natural for talkers to refer to bits and pieces of the conversation figuratively. Save users from tedious utterances by accepting phrases like "the first one" instead of the literal option.

How can we handle natural references in discourse?

Context of Data

A type of anaphora that supports users indirectly referencing something from their profile.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Data

How might we make semantic inferences based on a user’s profile?

People don’t think in account numbers, they think in concepts. Using what we know about our user’s profile, we can map conceptual utterances to actual data.

How can we use data in the background to make us smarter?

One-Step Correction

Allow users to both reject and correct the last recognition with a single utterance.

Understand What I Mean
One-Step Correction

How might we make it easier for users to make a correction?

The easier it is to correct mistakes, the less serious they seem.

How can the system correct errors more efficiently, downplay them, and thereby gain more confidence from the user?

Anaphora

Use a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in an interaction.

Understand What I Mean
Anaphora

How might we empower users to take linguistic shortcuts?

In human-to-human conversation, we speak in symbols and omit words without thinking twice. With some forethought, we can handle these utterances robustly.

How can we handle human patterns in discourse?

Context of Prompt

A type of anaphora that allows users to refer back to the prompt as part of their response.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Prompt

How might we create a shared frame of reference between the system and the user?

It's natural for talkers to refer to bits and pieces of the conversation figuratively. Save users from tedious utterances by accepting phrases like "the first one" instead of the literal option.

How can we handle natural references in discourse?

Context of Data

A type of anaphora that supports users indirectly referencing something from their profile.

Understand What I Mean
Context of Data

How might we make semantic inferences based on a user’s profile?

People don’t think in account numbers, they think in concepts. Using what we know about our user’s profile, we can map conceptual utterances to actual data.

How can we use data in the background to make us smarter?

Data Provenance

Prompting that contextualizes user data.

Make It Easy For Me
Data Provenance

How might we tell our users how data is being used in the background?

When we’re leveraging data to personalize a user’s experience, it’s important to expose where the data originated and why it was used.

How can we personalize a user's experience while being transparent about user data?

Proactive Math

Proactively handle calculations which would be meaningful to the user, reducing cognitive load.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Math

How might we help users make decisions based on quantitative information?

Users might not be in the mood to do mental math when they're interacting with the system. An easy way to reduce the user's cognitive load is to have the system proactively do calculations.

What are ways to proactively present relevant data so that user's next natural question is answered in advance?

Predictive Modeling

Based on an extensive set of user data, train a prediction model to offer the most likely intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Modeling

How might we improve user experience through data?

When we design we’re always thinking about which next action adds the most value to the user experience. Using data, ideally from multiple channels, we can act on a high confidence prediction with a yes/no question, or on a lower confidence prediction with an example at the NLU.

What are ways we can leverage aggregate user data?

Predictive Notification

Proactively state information user is likely to need or ask for.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Notification

How might we respect our users' time by leading with the most important message?

The beginning of the interaction sets the tone for the entire experience. Gaining a head start here will return the greatest benefits to the user.

What relevant pieces of information do users what to hear right away?

Awareness of Time

Prompting that contexualizes temporal information.

Make It Easy For Me
Awareness of Time

How might we write prompts that sound more human?

Top of the hour, bottom of the hour, end of the day. We talk about time creatively, and constantly reference it in everyday speech. The system can mimic that as well.

How can we use awareness of time to make the system smarter?

Historical Data

Fill a slot with historical data, instead of making the user repeat it.

Make It Easy For Me
Historical Data

How might we use past user behavior to shortcut the interaction?

Don't let users get déjà vu from a previous interaction. Pull historical data and let users skip a few turns by filling slots behind the scenes. If the user opts for something different, update our understanding going forward.

What do we know about the user through past interactions that can help now?

Predictive Rules

Anticipate and offer user intent based on If-Then business rules.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Predictive Rules

Anticipate and offer user intent based on If-Then business rules.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question, a simple menu with underlying NLU, or a predictive example at the NLU.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?

Data Provenance

Prompting that contextualizes user data.

Make It Easy For Me
Data Provenance

How might we tell our users how data is being used in the background?

When we’re leveraging data to personalize a user’s experience, it’s important to expose where the data originated and why it was used.

How can we personalize a user's experience while being transparent about user data?

Proactive Math

Proactively handle calculations which would be meaningful to the user, reducing cognitive load.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Math

How might we help users make decisions based on quantitative information?

Users might not be in the mood to do mental math when they're interacting with the system. An easy way to reduce the user's cognitive load is to have the system proactively do calculations.

What are ways to proactively present relevant data so that user's next natural question is answered in advance?

Predictive Modeling

Based on an extensive set of user data, train a prediction model to offer the most likely intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Modeling

How might we improve user experience through data?

When we design we’re always thinking about which next action adds the most value to the user experience. Using data, ideally from multiple channels, we can act on a high confidence prediction with a yes/no question, or on a lower confidence prediction with an example at the NLU.

What are ways we can leverage aggregate user data?

Predictive Notification

Proactively state information user is likely to need or ask for.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Notification

How might we respect our users' time by leading with the most important message?

The beginning of the interaction sets the tone for the entire experience. Tell the user what they want to know before they ask for it.

What relevant pieces of information do users what to hear right away?

Awareness of Time

Prompting that contexualizes temporal information.

Make It Easy For Me
Awareness of Time

How might we write prompts that sound more human?

Top of the hour, bottom of the hour, end of the day. We talk about time creatively, and constantly reference it in everyday speech. The system can mimic that as well.

How can we use awareness of time to make the system smarter?

Historical Data

Fill a slot with historical data, instead of making the user repeat it.

Make It Easy For Me
Historical Data

How might we use past user behavior to shortcut the interaction?

Don't let users get déjà vu from a previous interaction. Pull historical data and let users skip a few turns by filling slots behind the scenes. If the user opts for something different, update our understanding going forward.

What do we know about the user through past interactions that can help now?

Data Provenance

Prompting that contextualizes user data.

Make It Easy For Me
Data Provenance

How might we tell our users how data is being used in the background?

When we’re leveraging data to personalize a user’s experience, it’s important to expose where the data originated and why it was used.

How can we personalize a user's experience while being transparent about user data?

Proactive Math

Proactively handle calculations which would be meaningful to the user, reducing cognitive load.

Make It Easy For Me
Proactive Math

How might we help users make decisions based on quantitative information?

Users might not be in the mood to do mental math when they're interacting with the system. An easy way to reduce the user's cognitive load is to have the system proactively do calculations.

What are ways to proactively present relevant data so that user's next natural question is answered in advance?

Predictive Modeling

Based on an extensive set of user data, train a prediction model to offer the most likely intent.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Modeling

How might we improve user experience through data?

When we design we’re always thinking about which next action adds the most value to the user experience. Using data, ideally from multiple channels, we can act on a high confidence prediction with a yes/no question, or on a lower confidence prediction with an example at the NLU.

What are ways we can leverage aggregate user data?

Predictive Notification

Proactively state information user is likely to need or ask for.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Notification

How might we respect our users' time by leading with the most important message?

The beginning of the interaction sets the tone for the entire experience. Gaining a head start here will return the greatest benefits to the user.

What relevant pieces of information do users what to hear right away?

Awareness of Time

Prompting that contexualizes temporal information.

Make It Easy For Me
Awareness of Time

How might we write prompts that sound more human?

Top of the hour, bottom of the hour, end of the day. We talk about time creatively, and constantly reference it in everyday speech. The system can mimic that as well.

How can we use awareness of time to make the system smarter?

Historical Data

Fill a slot with historical data, instead of making the user repeat it.

Make It Easy For Me
Historical Data

How might we use past user behavior to shortcut the interaction?

Don't let users get déjà vu from a previous interaction. Pull historical data and let users skip a few turns by filling slots behind the scenes. If the user opts for something different, update our understanding going forward.

What do we know about the user through past interactions that can help now?

Predictive Rules

Anticipate and offer user intent based on If-Then business rules.

Make It Easy For Me
Predictive Rules

How might we put the onus on the system to solicit user intent?

You only get one chance to make a first impression. Minimize user effort by providing an intelligent entry point for the interaction with a yes/no question.

How can we partner with our client to guide the interaction?

Voice Biometrics

Identify users by the unique qualities of their voice.

Know Who I Am
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Voice Biometrics

Identify users by the unique qualities of their voice.

Know Who I Am
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What personal flair can we add to the experience to make the user feel valued?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What personal flair can we add to the experience to make the user feel valued?

Voice Biometrics

Identify users by the unique qualities of their voice.

Know Who I Am
Voice Biometrics

How might we know our users without a PIN or password?

Passwords are so passé. With biometric technology, we can compare a user’s voice to a database and confirm their identity. Voice Bio offloads the tedium of ID/Auth tokens by letting the user simply speak.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?

Personalization

Accommodate specific users by customizing the experience.

Know Who I Am
Personalization

How might we cater specifically to the user?

Most organizations go to great lengths to maintain a database with customer information. If you've got that data, flaunt it - if and when appropriate! Saying a first name or congratulating a user on their company anniversary builds trust.

What are ways we can make authentication convenient, invisible, and more secure?
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